Cytotoxic evaluation and LC-MS/MS analysis of aerial parts of Eryngium kotschyi Boiss. grown in Turkey

Abstract Increasing biological activity and phytochemical investigations on Eryngium species showed its potential as pharmaceutical approach. Eryngium kotschyi Boiss. is one of the species of Eryngium genus and is endemic to Turkey. It is known that this plant is traditionally used in the South-western part of Turkey for the treatment of various diseases. This study focuses on cytotoxic activities of methanol extract and ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water sub-extracts from E. kotschyi in A549, COLO 205 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines by Sulforhodamin B assay and qualitative and quantitative determination of phytochemical constituents in active extract by LC-MS/MS. From the result of the study, it was seen that E. kotschyi ethyl acetate (EKE) sub-extract showed the strongest cytotoxic effect with the low IC50 values (50.00; 31.96 and 22.26 µg/mL in A549; COLO 205 and MDA-MB-231 cells at 48 h, respectively). Preliminary examination of the mass spectrums revealed the presence of 15 phytochemical compounds in active sub-extract and 7 of them was quantified. According to quantitative analyses the main compounds of EKE sub-extract were rosmarinic acid (485.603 µg/mgextract), chlorogenic acid (62.355 µg/mgextract) and caffeic acid (59.266 µg/mgextract). Moreover, this preliminary study on inhibitory activity of EKE sub-extract suggests further toxicologic investigations and detailed investigation on cytotoxic effect of various combinations of determined compounds

Changes of gastrointestinal argyrophil endocrine cells in the COLO205 tumor-implanted Balb/c-nu/nu mice

The regional distributions and frequencies of argyrophil endocrine cells in gastrointestinal (GI) tract of Balb/c-nu/ nu mouse were studied using Grimelius silver stain after abdominal subcutaneous implantation of COLO205. The experimental animals were divided into two groups, one is non-implanted group (Sham) and the other is COLO205-implanted group. Samples were collected from GI tract (fundus, pylorus, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, colon and rectum) at 21 days after implantation of COLO205 cells (1x10(6) cell/mouse). In this study, argyrophil cells were detected throughout the entire GI tract with various frequencies regardless of implantation. Most of these argyrophil cells in the mucosa of GI tract were generally spherical or spindle in shape (open type cell) while cells showing round in shape (close type cell) were found occasionally in gastric and/or intestinal gland regions. The regional distributions of argyrophil cells in COLO205 were similar to those of Sham. However, significant decreases of argyrophil cells were detected in COLO205 compared to those of Sham except for the jejunum and ileum. In the jejunum and ileum, argyrophil cells in COLO205 showed similar frequencies compared to those of Sham. In the pylorus, the most dramatically decreasement of argyrophil cells were detected in COLO205 compared to that of Sham. Implantation of COLO205 tumor cell line induced severe quantitative changes of argyrophil cell density, and the abnormality in density of GI endocrine cells may contribute to the development of gastrointestinal symptoms such as anorexia and indigestion, frequently encountered in patients with cancer.